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<article article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">futmed</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицина будущего</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Future of Medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">3033-9057</issn><issn pub-type="epub">3033-9669</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Ленинградская областная клиническая больница</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.67666/3033-9057-2026-1-2-46-53</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">futmed-92</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Геронтология</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Gerontology</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Патофизиологические особенности вспомогательного кровообращения при использовании биотехнических и медицинских систем у пациентов пожилого и старческого возраста</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Pathophysiological features of mechanical circulatory support while using of biotechnical and medical systems in elderly and senile patients</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3660-5864</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Козлов</surname><given-names>К. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kozlov</surname><given-names>K. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Козлов Кирилл Ленарович — д.м.н., профессор, профессор кафедры профессионального образования и довузовской подготовки; заведующий кафедрой рентгенэндоваскулярных методов диагностики и лечения</p><p>195271, г. Санкт-Петербург, пр. Кондратьевский, д. 72, лит. А; 194044, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Академика Лебедева, д. 6, лит. Ж; 199034, г. Санкт-Петербург, Университетская наб., д. 7 – 9</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kirill L. Kozlov — Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Professorof the Department of Professional Education and PreUniversity Training; Head of the Department of Endovascular Diagnostic and Treatment Methods</p><p>72, lit. А, Kondratyevsky ave., St. Petersburg, 195271;  6, Academician Lebedeva str., St. Petersburg, 194044; 7–9, Universitetskaya Embankment, St. Petersburg, 199034</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0139-3910</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жуков</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhukov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Жуков Андрей Анатольевич — аспирант кафедрывнутренних болезней им. профессора Шулутко Б.И.</p><p>195271, г. Санкт-Петербург, пр. Кондратьевский, д. 72, лит. А</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey A. Zhukov — PhD student, Department of Internal Diseases named after Professor B.I. Shulutko </p><p>72, lit. А, Kondratyevsky ave., St. Petersburg, 195271</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zhukov163@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4916-2911</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лукьянов</surname><given-names>Н. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lukyanov</surname><given-names>N. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лукьянов Николай Георгиевич — к.м.н., доцент, доцент кафедры медико-социальной реабилитациии эрготерапии </p><p>195271, г. Санкт-Петербург, пр. Кондратьевский, д. 72, лит. А; 194044, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Академика Лебедева, д. 6, лит. Ж</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nikolay G. Lukyanov — Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of Medical Social Rehabilitation and Occupational Therapy</p><p>72, lit. А, Kondratyevsky ave., St. Petersburg, 195271;  6, Academician Lebedeva str., St. Petersburg, 194044</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ЧОУ ВО «Санкт-Петербургский медико-социальный институт»;  ФГБВОУ ВО «Военно-медицинская академия имени С.М. Кирова» Министерства обороны Российской Федерации;  ФГБВОУ ВО «Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint-Petersburg Medico-Social Institute;  Military Medical Academy named after S.M. Kirov; St. Petersburg State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ЧОУ ВО «Санкт-Петербургский медико-социальный институт»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint-Petersburg Medico-Social Institute</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ЧОУ ВО «Санкт-Петербургский медико-социальный институт»;  ФГБВОУ ВО «Военно-медицинская академия имени С.М. Кирова» Министерства обороны Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint-Petersburg Medico-Social Institute;  Military Medical Academy named after S.M. Kirov</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day><month>10</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>1</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>46</fpage><lpage>53</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Козлов К.Л., Жуков А.А., Лукьянов Н.Г., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Козлов К.Л., Жуков А.А., Лукьянов Н.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kozlov K.L., Zhukov A.A., Lukyanov N.G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://futmed.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/92">https://futmed.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/92</self-uri><abstract><p>В  обзоре рассмотрены патофизиологические особенности вспомогательного кровообращения у пациентов пожилого и старческого возраста. Основное внимание уделено не техническим характеристикам устройств, а изменениям, происходящим в  системе кровообращения при применении временной или длительной механической поддержки. Проанализировано влияние вспомогательного кровообращения на нагрузку левого и  правого желудочков, вентрикуло-артериальное сопряжение и  пульсатильность кровотока. Отдельно рассмотрены изменения микроциркуляции, гемостаза и  воспалительного ответа, а  также особенности почечной и  церебральной перфузии. У  лиц старших возрастных групп эти изменения реализуются на фоне сосудистой жесткости, эндотелиальной дисфункции, хронического воспаления старения, полиморбидности, саркопении, старческой астении, хронической болезни почек и  сниженного когнитивного резерва. Научная новизна обзора состоит в  выделении возраст-специфических патофизиологических контуров вспомогательного кровообращения: макрогемодинамического, микроциркуляторно-эндотелиального, правожелудочково-легочного, гемосовместимого, кардиоренального, нейроцеребрального и гериатрического. Показано, что календарный возраст не может быть самостоятельным критерием отказа от технологии; решение должно основываться на обратимости органной гипоперфузии, правожелудочковолегочном резерве, выраженности хрупкости, когнитивном статусе и  ожидаемой траектории функционального восстановления. Предложена клинико-патофизиологическая логика оценки пациента перед временной или длительной механической поддержкой кровообращения.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The review discusses pathophysiological features of mechanical circulatory support while using biotechnical and medical systems in elderly and senile patients. The focus is not on technical characteristics of devices, but on systemic circulatory remodeling caused by temporary or durable support: changes in left and right ventricular loading, ventriculoarterial coupling, pulsatility, microcirculation, hemostasis, inflammatory response, renal function and cerebral perfusion. In older patients these effects occur against the background of vascular stiffness, endothelial dysfunction, chronic inflammation of aging, multimorbidity, sarcopenia, frailty, chronic kidney disease and reduced cognitive reserve. The scientific novelty of the review is the identification of age-specific pathophysiological contours of mechanical circulatory support: macrohemodynamic, microcirculatory-endothelial, right ventricular-pulmonary, hemocompatibility, cardiorenal, neurocerebral and geriatric. The article presents that calendar age alone should not be used as the criterion for withholding therapy. Decision-making should integrate reversibility of organ hypoperfusion, right ventricular-pulmonary reserve, frailty severity, cognitive status and expected functional recovery. A clinical and pathophysiological logic for assessing a patient before temporary or long-term mechanical circulatory support is proposed.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>вспомогательное кровообращение</kwd><kwd>механическая поддержка кровообращения</kwd><kwd>пожилой возраст</kwd><kwd>левожелудочковые системы вспомогательного кровообращения</kwd><kwd>экстракорпоральная мембранная оксигенация</kwd><kwd>микроциркуляция</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>auxiliary circulation</kwd><kwd>mechanical circulatory support</kwd><kwd>elderly age</kwd><kwd>left ventricular auxiliary circulation systems</kwd><kwd>extracorporeal membrane oxygenation</kwd><kwd>microcirculation</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Heidenreich P.A., Bozkurt B., Aguilar D., et al. 2022 AHA/ACC/HFSA guideline for the management of heart failure. 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